tomography, now allows users to change samples while starting and monitoring scans via the remote desktop. New detector systems are being installed: an indirect microscope compatible with fast UV-emitting scintillators, and a high-speed CMOS-based camera for radiography with acquisition rates up to the 100 kHz range. In addition to the articles in this chapter, studies by M.-C. Zdora et al. [1] and N. Bianco-Stein et al. [2] should be noted.

Powder diffraction beamline ID22 has recently taken delivery of its Eiger2M-W detector with CdTe sensor to replace the current bank of nine scintillation counters behind the analyser crystals. It will also supplement the Perkin Elmer flat-panel detector for rapid data collection. The detector will be installed in early 2021, with an increase from nine to 13 analyser crystals. A new liquid-helium cryostat will allow low- temperature measurements down to 4 K with the flat-panel detector, for low-temperature PDF analysis, and a new gas control system will be implemented for adsorption/desorption measurements on systems such as metal organic framework materials. A 2.5-m-long U26 in-vacuum undulator will be installed during the winter shutdown, giving an increase in flux at hard X-ray energies.

Understanding nanocatalysts bulk and surface properties is pivotal to further development of alternative technologies for conversion, transport and storage of decarbonised energy. Therefore, operando characterisation methods of these materials at the interface structure and materials processing beamline ID31 have been of particular interest. The unprecedented brightness of EBS fulfilled our expectations, allowing study of the potential-dependent, irreversible phase transition and adsorbate surface formation processes, operando, on low- electrode-metal-loading systems.

Although, we have been able to perform experiments remotely, we are looking forward to having full user teams back at the ESRF when possible.

V. HONKIMÄKI

REFERENCES

[1] M.-C. Zdora et al., Optica 7, 1221 (2020). [2] N. Bianco-Stein et al., Adv. Sci. 7, 2000108 (2020).